Migrating MySQL Users to Amazon RDS

Introduction:

In this blog post, we will discuss the process of migrating MySQL users to Amazon RDS and transforming MySQL user grants to make them compatible with Amazon RDS.

Challenges:

Amazon RDS does not provide shell access to the operating system, and it restricts access to some procedures that require advanced privileges. As a result, some MySQL users with ALL PRIVILEGES cannot be directly migrated to Amazon RDS because it does not support certain privileges like SUPER, SHUTDOWN, FILE, and CREATE TABLESPACE.

Solutions:

To manage changes to the MySQL configuration, RDS parameter groups are used. Amazon RDS also provides stored procedures to perform administrative tasks that require SUPER privileges.

Migration Queries:

We can migrate MySQL users to AWS using the following SQL queries:

- To migrate users:
select concat ('CREATE USER "',user,'"@"',host,'"' , ' IDENTIFIED WITH ', plugin,' AS "',authentication_string ,'";'),"user" t from mysql.user p where host!='localhost' ;

- To migrate privileges:
select concat("grant ",group_concat(PRIVILEGE_TYPE), " ON . to ", GRANTEE,';'),"all_priv" as priv from information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES where GRANTEE not like "%'localhost\'" and PRIVILEGE_TYPE != 'USAGE' and PRIVILEGE_TYPE in ('SELECT','INSERT','UPDATE','DELETE','CREATE','DROP','RELOAD','PROCESS','REFERENCES','INDEX','ALTER','SHOW DATABASES','CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES','LOCK TABLES','EXECUTE','REPLICATION SLAVE','REPLICATION CLIENT','CREATE VIEW','SHOW VIEW','CREATE ROUTINE','ALTER ROUTINE','CREATE USER','EVENT','TRIGGER') group by GRANTEE 

union

select concat("GRANT ",group_concat(PRIVILEGE_TYPE), " ON ",TABLE_SCHEMA,",.* to ", GRANTEE,';'),"db_priv" from information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES where GRANTEE not like "%'localhost\'" and PRIVILEGE_TYPE != 'USAGE' and PRIVILEGE_TYPE in ('SELECT','INSERT','UPDATE','DELETE','CREATE','DROP','RELOAD','PROCESS','REFERENCES','INDEX','ALTER','SHOW DATABASES','CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES','LOCK TABLES','EXECUTE','REPLICATION SLAVE','REPLICATION CLIENT','CREATE VIEW','SHOW VIEW','CREATE ROUTINE','ALTER ROUTINE','CREATE USER','EVENT','TRIGGER') group by GRANTEE,TABLE_SCHEMA

union

select concat("GRANT ",group_concat(PRIVILEGE_TYPE), " ON ",TABLE_SCHEMA,",.* to ", GRANTEE,';'),"Table_priv" from information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES where GRANTEE not like "%'localhost\'" and PRIVILEGE_TYPE != 'USAGE' and PRIVILEGE_TYPE in ('SELECT','INSERT','UPDATE','DELETE','CREATE','DROP','RELOAD','PROCESS','REFERENCES','INDEX','ALTER','SHOW DATABASES','CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES','LOCK TABLES','EXECUTE','REPLICATION SLAVE','REPLICATION CLIENT','CREATE VIEW','SHOW VIEW','CREATE ROUTINE','ALTER ROUTINE','CREATE USER','EVENT','TRIGGER') group by GRANTEE,TABLE_SCHEMA;

In conclusion, Amazon RDS is an excellent platform for hosting MySQL databases. However, when migrating MySQL users to Amazon RDS, some grants may fail due to having privileges that are not supported by RDS. By following the solutions discussed in this blog post and using the migration queries provided, you can successfully migrate your MySQL users to Amazon RDS.

Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) and Amazon Aurora

Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) and Amazon Aurora are both database services provided by AWS, but they have some important differences.

Amazon RDS is a managed database service that allows you to easily set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. It supports popular database engines such as MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server. With RDS, AWS handles most of the administration tasks, such as software patching, backups, and replication.

Amazon Aurora is a relational database engine developed by AWS that is designed to be highly scalable and performant. It is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL, but provides additional features such as faster read/write performance, automatic scaling, and built-in fault tolerance. Aurora is also designed to be compatible with the MySQL and PostgreSQL ecosystems, so existing applications and tools can be used with minimal changes.

Here are some of the key differences between RDS and Aurora:

Performance: Aurora is designed to be faster and more scalable than traditional RDS instances. It uses a distributed storage architecture and a custom database engine that is optimized for high performance and low latency.

Availability: Aurora provides built-in automatic failover and replication across multiple availability zones, which ensures high availability and data durability.

Cost: Aurora is generally more expensive than RDS due to its enhanced performance and scalability features. However, it may be more cost-effective in certain use cases where high performance and scalability are important.

Compatibility: RDS supports multiple database engines, while Aurora is only compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL. However, Aurora is designed to be compatible with the MySQL and PostgreSQL ecosystems, so existing applications and tools can be used with minimal changes.

In summary, if you need a reliable and easy-to-use relational database service that supports multiple engines, RDS is a good choice. If you need a high-performance and scalable database engine that is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL, Aurora is a good choice.